Today nearly all water bottles are #1 PET, meaning they can be recycled. Some competitors have recently introduced plant-based plastic bottles. Plant-based plastic bottles can be recycled, but do not biodegrade and do nothing to reduce the quantity of bottles that end up in landfills or the environment. The BIO BOTTLE represents a significant step forward as they can biodegrade naturally or be recycled.

“redleaf’s BIO BOTTLES are a step in the right direction to further reduce the impact empty water bottles have on the environment,” said redleaf COO Dave Hillis. “When we started the company, we made a commitment to aggressively seek alternatives to reduce our impact on the environment, while still providing customers with superior drinking water. We still have work to do, but redleaf’s BIO BOTTLES represent an important step forward in our ongoing mission to provide premium Canadian water in guilt-free bottles.”

ENSO pioneered the bottles from its research facility in Arizona. The company has worked for three years to perfect a bottle that is both #1 PET recyclable and biodegradable. While the process is classified, the results have been validated by Northeast Laboratories, a testing facility certified by the FDA, EPA and the Department of Defense and ISO.

“Our bottle is designed to be placed into the existing recycle streams, but if placed into a landfill or other natural environments, depending on the natures microbial activity, these bottles will disappear within 1-15 years as opposed to 500 for normal #1 PET bottles,” stated NAME AND TITLE. “Simply put these bottles disappear the same way other organic materials do.”

Complementing the release of BIO BOTTLES, redleaf will also launch the “Disappearing Project” in Spring 2011. The project is designed to highlight how BIO BOTTLES disappear in various environmental conditions.

redleaf starts as great water from an artesian aquifer in Chilliwack, British Columbia, and is made even better through a proprietary purification and bottling process. The water’s high oxygen content and high pH of 8.3 have been known to have several health benefits for the drinker, including increased alertness, hydration and stamina – all of which are crucial to athletes and sports fans alike.

Keeping with its efforts to reduce waste and minimize its impact on the environment, redleaf’s production process has a 1:1 bottling ratio. While many competitors have a 6:1 ratio, that means competitors waste five gallons of water for every one gallon they bottle.

About redleaf water
redleaf is North America’s only ultra-premium bottled water. It starts with great water from a naturally renewable source in the Canadian Rockies, and is made better through a state-of-the-art purification and bottling process, that is the industry’s most advanced and the best way to improve on the Earth’s own natural process for making great tasting, healthy water. It is available in locations throughout the Mountain West region of the United States, including more than 100 Albertsons LLC stores.

For more information, please visit redleafwater.com.

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Check it out!

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Boston, MA (PRWEB) June 3, 2010 — Native Waters, a Massachusetts company that produces locally sourced natural spring water in earth-friendly PET plastic bottles, will now be widely available across Eastern Massachusetts, including Metropolitan Boston, and New Hampshire thanks to a distribution agreement with Great State Beverages of Hooksett, New Hampshire and their subsidiary Blue Coast Beverages of Mattapoisett, Massachusetts.

Great State Beverages is one of the leading beverage distributors in New England. The company will offer Native Water to its customers in Eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire, including convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and other venues.

Native Water is bottled in ENSO Bottles, a biodegradable and recyclable PET plastic bottle. Made from 25% recycled plastic the bottles are produced with Ecopure™, an organic compound added to the plastic manufacturing process that allows the bottles to be metabolized and neutralized on a microbial level, completely breaking down the plastic. ENSO bottles maintain the same physical properties and strengths as existing PET plastic bottles yet provide a more shelf stable and practical solution than starch-based PLA materials and oxo-degradable plastics. The bottles are biodegradable in both anaerobic and aerobic environments and can also be successfully mixed with standard PET plastic recycling.

Link to full article: Native Waters Signs Distribution Agreement with Great State Beverages.

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Rotaract is dedicated to making the world a better place, but might see the world from a slightly different perspective than Rotary. Rotaractors are between the ages of 18 and 30, and are typically very early in their careers. Although still fresh to the professional world, they are future leaders in business, politics and the community.

Those in attendance at the Rotaract Pre-Convention 2009 in Birmingham, England came from backgrounds including medicine, law, the U.S. Foreign Service, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, American Civil Liberties Union, Peace Corps, German Luftwaffe Office Corps, European royalty, consulting firms, investment banking, and a plethora of small businesses started by Rotaractors themselves. Rotaractors will be shaping the world, and they’re passionately involved in Rotary International to make that happen.

Rotaract needs the support of local Rotary Clubs, but doesn’t require hand-holding. A successful Rotaract Club must function independently – guided by Rotarians, but led by Rotaractors. Rotary Clubs can work to develop Rotaract Clubs by first identifying a solid group of sociable young leaders who are able to motivate and inspire both friends and strangers. These people are most frequently the children of Rotarians or those that have participated in Rotary youth programs. Once a core group has been established and the new Rotaractors have a basic understanding of Rotary International, service projects should become the primary focus. From there Rotaractors can participate in local and international service projects in partnership with other clubs and organizations, attend conferences around the state, country and world and even take an active role in the leadership of the global organization.

Each Rotaract Club develops on its own and finds its own causes to support. The Rotaract Club of Phoenix, currently the only Rotaract Club in District 5490, is best known for its annual Water Drive benefitting St. Vincent DePaul and other valley homeless shelters. During the summer of 2009 the club raised and donated 17 tons of bottled water (20,000 bottles) to valley homeless shelters; enough water to support valley shelters for an entire month. This project is possible thanks to the generous support of Rotary Clubs throughout Arizona, the Rotaract Clubs of ASU and East Valley and ENSO Biodegradable Bottles.

Phoenix Rotaract works on service projects throughout the year and has partnered with Project C.U.R.E., Friendly House, and UMOM. Additionally, the Club was recently represented for the second year in a row in Caborca, Sonora, Mexico for the PolioPlus campaign there. Currently, Phoenix Rotaract is working with Bridging AZ Furniture Bank on an estate sale taking place on the weekend of April 30 at the southwest corner of 32nd Street & Indian School Road in Phoenix. The Club has created an inventory system and catalogue of items being sold and is in charge of promoting the event across the Phoenix metropolitan area.

In order to support these projects Phoenix Rotaract is developing a series of fundraisers. The Club is selling tickets to the opening weekend of the Arizona Diamondbacks for the Saturday, April 10 game against Pittsburg. Additionally, the club is planning an outing at the Scottsdale Drive-In for fall 2010 and is developing a volleyball tournament. Supporting these events and Phoenix Rotaract allows the Club to send members to local, national and international conferences, send members to Mexico to participate in PolioPlus projects and supports causes like the Water Drive.

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Learn more at: http://www.customlabeledbottledwater.com/home

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Here in the U.S. recycling rates for plastic is less than 30 percent which means a lot of plastic is ending up in a landfill.  Many other countries do a much better job of recycling then we do here in the U.S., and our recycling rate isn’t going to improve until the recycling industry develops markets for recycled materials.

Many companies are trying to do something about plastic pollution and are developing more environmentally friendly plastics. There are basically three types of plastics which are considered to be more environmentally friendly which are: Compostable, Degradable and Biodegradable plastics.

Compostable plastics are common

ly called Polylactic Acid (PLA) are made from plants.  Here is the U.S. most PLA is made from corn.  PLA is compostable but must be processed by a commercial composting facility.  There aren’t many commercial composting facilities so most PLA will end up in a garbage dump.  PLA doesn’t biodegrade quickly so once it finds its way into a landfill it will remain there for a long time.

Degradable plastics degrade through photo degradation and oxygen degradation isn’t biodegradable plastic, they are degradable plastics.  Degradable plastic breaks down (degrades) into smaller and smaller pieces until they are too small to see.  The plastic doesn’t biodegrade; it just gets too small to see.

The third type of plastic is a truly biodegradable plastic, and will biodegrade leaving behind biogases and humus.  A recently introduced biodegradable plastic is the ENSO biodegradable plastic bottle with EcoPure.  The ENSO plastic bottle is standard Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic with EcoPure G2 additive.  When placed in a microbial environment, the ENSO bottle will attract microbes which consume plastic in either an anaerobic (no oxygen) or aerobic (with oxygen) environment.

There isn’t any one perfect answer that will solve plastic pollution.  However, we are working toward a solution that will help.

By

Max

ENSO Bottles

www.ensobottles.com

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“Boreal Water Collection’s goal is to become North America’s leading producer of high-end private label bottled water,” said Francine Lavoie, President and CEO of Boreal Water Collection. “We along with our Canadian affiliate, Les Sources Saint-Elie Inc., are committed to providing our customers with the highest quality private label bottled water at affordable prices along with our outstanding customer service. We offer our customers a wide range of bottling products with various labels, shapes, and sizes which are now available in ENSO, the world’s first truly recyclable and biodegradable plastic bottle.”

BOREAL WATER recently expanded operations with the purchase of Leisure Time Spring Water Company which has been operating in the Kiamesha Lake area for over 125 years. Located northwest of New York City, the 72,000 square foot Kiamesha Lake facility includes six bottling production lines supporting production and distribution to customers in New York City and throughout the Northeastern United States.

“Our customers have been asking for an environmental solution, with an ENSO bottle we can provide them with the finest water and a biodegradable plastic bottle,” said Lavoie.

“We’re excited to be working with Boreal introducing our biodegradable bottle at a prestigious event like the PLMA trade show,” said Danny Clark, President of ENSO Bottles. “Our bottles provide an environmental solution for reducing plastic bottle pollution. Boreal and ENSO are going to have a huge impact on improving our environment.”

Learn more about the PLMA Trade Show and how you can help to reduce plastic pollution and improve our environment by visiting ENSO on facebook, www.facebook.com/ensobottles.

Stop by and visit Boreal Water Collection at the Private Label Manufacturing Association Trade Show, Booth number 1139, Nov. 15-17 in the Chicago Rosemont Convention Center.

For further information on BOREAL WATER COLLECTION, visit www.borealwater.com or contact Francine Lavoie, President and CEO at 866-429-0101, ext. 140.

ENSO Bottles, LLC, of Phoenix, Arizona is an environmental company dedicated to creating “Bottles for a Healthier Earth.” ENSO Bottles with EcoPure™ are designed to recycle and biodegrade in landfill environments. For more information on ENSO Bottles, visit www.ensobottles.com or call 866-936-3676.

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December, 2009 – West Des Moines, Iowa — For Immediate Release – Hiland Premium Artesian Water, exclusively available at Kum & Go convenience stores, is now available in the ENSO biodegradable plastic bottle.

Hiland Premium Artesian Water is sourced from a natural artesian aquifer that is sealed and protected for purity, producing superior quality water with perfect PH balance. This premium water is offered exclusively at Kum & Go, one of the nation’s largest convenience store chains, voted number one in customer service and awarded the National Excellence in Customer Service Outlook.

“Kum & Go is committed to improving our environment and we are thrilled to offer our Hiland Premium Artesian Water in an environmentally friendly bottle,” said Kyle Krause, Kum & Go president and CEO. “We all need to become environmentally aware and we’re taking steps to ensure a better environment for us and future generations.”

Hiland Premium Artesian Water will be in ENSO biodegradable bottles which are designed to biodegrade in a landfill and can also be recycled with standard plastics.

“We’re excited to be working with Kum & Go to launch Hiland Premium Artesian Water in ENSO biodegradable plastic bottles. They are leading the convenience store industry by providing their customers with an environmental solution for bottled water. Having ENSO biodegradable bottles available at all 431 stores is going to have a huge impact on helping our environment,” said Danny Clark, President of ENSO Bottles.

Hiland Premium Artesian Water is scheduled to hit store shelves in December of 2009.

Founded on exceptional customer service, Kum & Go is a pioneer in the convenience store industry. The family-owned company began in 1959 in Hampton, Iowa, and has grown to more than 431 convenience stores in 11 states (Iowa, Arkansas, Colorado, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wyoming). In addition to a wide selection of products, Kum & Go provides customers a proprietary mix of products under the well-known Hiland brand name. Other proprietary product offerings include Java Ridge Premium Coffee, Napa Creek and Sea Ridge wines, Go Fresh Market sandwiches and Nuclear energy drinks. For more information visit www.kumandgo.com

ENSO Bottles, LLC, of Phoenix, Arizona is an environmental company dedicated to creating “Bottles for a Healthier Earth.” ENSO Bottles with EcoPure™ are designed to recycle and biodegrade in landfill environments. For more information on ENSO Bottles, visit www.ensobottles.com or call 866-936-3676.

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There have been some in the PLA (corn plastics) industry who use quotes from Dr. Rathje’s book to support an argument that composting biodegradable plastics is better for the environment than landfilling them.  Their argument takes some of the data out on context by looking at the hundred year old “poor” environmental designs of landfills.  The printing of “RUBBISH!” was in 1991 with most data provided in the book ending in 1988.  Most of the data in the book is over 20 years old.  As with many things from our past we eventually discover better and more environmentally sound solutions.  Yes, it is absolutely true that traditional dry-tomb landfilling is not the best solution for dealing with our garbage.  As a society we have made significant improvements to the methods we use for disposing of garbage.  Since the writing of the book we have implemented hundreds of recycling programs as well as the EPA requiring methane from the anaerobic biodegradation process happening in landfills to be captured and burned or used to create clean energy.  The EPA in the last 5 years has also changed laws with recirculating leachate through a landfill so to accelerate biodegradation by up to 10x.

Dr. Rathje does briefly address composting as a solution to some of our organic garbage.  He points out that composting is expensive  and the issues is that most compost becomes tainted with hazardous elements, such as the heavy metals used in inks and pigments as well as yard waste containing traces of pesticides and herbicides.  Another issue with composting biodegradable plastics is that the corn used in fermenting the lactic acid is Genetically Modified corn, because of this, if PLA plastics are composted that compost cannot be labeled “organic”.  For many composting facilities this would severely impact the marketability of the compost material.

What Dr. William Rathje, and those using the book to bash biodegradable plastics neglect to mention is that over the last few years we have made significant improvements to the way we handle our trash.  One of these improvements is called landfill bioreactors, which is not discussed at all in the book.  These types of landfills are designed in the beginning to better control the anaerobic biodegradation process by circulating the leachate back through the garbage.  This not only helps to accelerate anaerobic biodegradation by adding moisture but it has also been discovered to improve the quality of the leachate.  These bioreactors are built with collection systems for collecting not only the leachate but also the methane.  So from the beginning of the bioreactor landfill life the methane is being captured and typically used to create clean inexpensive energy.  In fact, energy from methane captured from landfills is the least expensive form of “green” energy we can create today.  It is less costly than solar, wind, or hydro.  In April 2004, the EPA finalized a rule permitting the transformation of landfills into bioreactors.  Landfill bioreactors produce MUCH more gas than traditional landfills, about 10 times the amount and are at concentrations of up to 50%.  Bioreactors with their advanced LFG collection systems are able to collect more than 90% of the methane gasses.

Another benefit of bioreactor landfills is that the life of the landfill is extended by as much as 25 years.  This means that the same physical space of land that would traditionally have been filled up and capped can now be used for another 25 years longer before needing additional bioreactor landfill cells.  There is some discussion that a bioreactor landfill could later on be dug up to use the soil for fertilizer and then reuse the landfill space again, but this is yet to be a reality.

The key to utilizing anaerobic biodegradation with organic garbage is that it creates a greater value proposition over composting.  With composting, the organic material is artificially processed to accelerate aerobic biodegradation resulting in compost material which makes a great rich soil.  What is off gassed is CO2 which is released into the atmosphere as a GHG.  Some would argue that this would be a zero sum game but it really depends on the organic material and the life cycle of that material.

Markets for compost material are very specific to the geographical location of that composting facility.  In many cases today, there are not enough markets available to utilize the compost material and a lot of it ends up as soil cover in landfills.  With utilizing anaerobic biodegradation either in anaerobic digesters or bioreactor landfills we can capture the methane and use it for cleans energy.  Once the methane is burned to create that energy the CH4 is converted into CO2 which now we are right back to where we were with composting but now we created clean energy which reduces our reliance on fossil fuels.  The soil that remains from anaerobic biodegradation can also be used as fertilizer.  The additional value proposition of creating CH4 vs. CO2 has much more value and results in a better environmental solution.

According to the EPA as of April 2009, there are approximately 480 operational LFG energy projects in the United States. In addition, about 130 projects are currently under construction or are exploring development options and opportunities. These are landfills that convert the LFG to clean, inexpensive energy.  New Jersey’s Governor Jon S. Corzine’s Energy Master Plan touts landfill methane gas as one of the key renewable energy sources that the state hopes will combine to supply 30 percent of New Jersey’s electricity by 2020. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/10/27/new-jersey-landfills-capt_n_138076.html

There is much we can learn about our past, present and how to better design our future from both a social and environmental perspective.  It is in the nature of archaeology to look at the past but it is in the best interest for the human race to stay focused on the future.

References:

By Danny Clark
ENSO Bottles, LLC

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The ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization, host to committee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products.  The ASTM maintains a Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics under their designation: D 883 – 08.  The following are the ASTM definitions for degradable plastics:

biodegradable plastics—a degradable plastic in which the degradation results from the action of naturally-occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae.

compostable plastic—a plastic that undergoes biological degradation during composting to yield carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leaves no visually distinguishable or toxic residues.

degradable plastic—a plastic designed to undergo a significant change in its chemical structure under specific environmental conditions resulting in a loss of some properties that may vary as measured by standard test methods appropriate to the plastic and the application in a period of time that determines its classification.

Although there are three main categories of degradable plastics each category has its own nuances and particulars which need to be understood.  For example: biodegradable plastics can happen in either aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen) environments.  Compostable plastics such as PLA do not degrade in backyard composting but require “professional composting facilities” in order to maintain the constant temperature requirements for the bioplastics to degrade and the infrastructure for proper disposal is not present at this time.  Degradable plastics are those which break down from environmental conditions such as oxygen and ultra-violet light.  This degradation or fragmentation leaves small particles of plastic around until microbes are able to digest them (if ever).

Bioplastics/Bioresins — these are really the same terms in that bioresins are manufactured into bioplastics.  Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from biomass sources which come from plants.  There are a number of various bioplastics solutions on the market today, however, based on the market size there are really two main bioplastics categories PLAs (Polylactic Acid) and PHAs (Polyhydroxyalkanoates)  .  PLA being derived from plant starches i.e. corn, potato, etc and PHA being derived from plant sugars i.e. sugarcane, molasses, etc.  Within both bioplastics category technologies there are literally dozens of different kind of polymers which can be created.  Currently both of these solutions require the use of the part of the plant which is also used as a human or animal food source.  In the bigger picture of things we as a human race need to decide which is more important to feed those in the world who are starving or to use our food resources to make plastics?

There is currently a lot of research happing in the area of bioplastics to develop new sources which are more environmentally friendly.  Moving away from fossil fuels as the feedstock for traditional plastics is definitely a better solution for the environment, however, we should move to bioplastics which are more environmentally sound, today there are no bioplastics on the market which have a better environmental footprint than that of traditional fossil fuel based plastics.

A very important aspect to keep in mind with the issue of biodegradable plastics is the entire lifespan of the biodegradable plastic (raw materials, development of those raw materials, manufacturing, product use and lifecycle, product end of life and disposal) and the environmental impact each segment has.

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ATLANTA, July 9 /PRNewswire/ — GoodPac Plastics, a Division of Goodwin Enterprises, Inc., known for their high quality PET bottles, announced today they are offering the ENSO biodegradable (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottle, the world’s first truly biodegradable and recyclable PET plastic bottle.

“Our customers and consumers have been asking for an environmentally friendly plastic bottle. We teamed up with ENSO Bottles, LLC, and RESILUX America, LLC to provide them with the world’s first truly biodegradable plastic water bottle,” said Jim Goodwin, President of GoodPac Plastics. “Over the years, we’ve taken special pride in producing high quality products. Now, by adding our environmentally friendly ENSO bottle, not only do we continue to offer excellent quality products and superior service, we are doing our part to help to encourage bottle recycling and effectively eliminating plastic bottle waste,” said Goodwin

Hugh Goodwin, CEO of GoodPac, was a pioneer in the bottled water industry, starting Crystal Springs Pure Water Co. back in the mid-1960′s in Decatur, Georgia. Today, GoodPac Plastics, still family owned and operated, has been providing high quality PET bottles since 1997.

ENSO Bottles, LLC, of Phoenix, Arizona is an environmental company dedicated to creating “Bottles for a Healthier Earth”. ENSO biodegradable bottles have been tested by The University of New Mexico, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, and Northeast Laboratories Berlin, Connecticut. ENSO bottles are FDA approved for contact with food and are OSHA approved as non-hazardous. ENSO bottles with EcoPure(R) are designed to biodegrade in anaerobic (no oxygen, no light) or aerobic and compostable environments. ENSO also has tested the physical properties to verify that the biodegradable PET has the ability to be intermingled with standard PET during recycling.

RESILUX America, LLC of Pendergrass, Georgia, a producer of resin preforms, is known worldwide in the PET packaging market. Originally based out of Belgium, RESILUX has been instrumental in the development, production, and distribution of the ENSO biodegradable preforms.

“We’re excited to be working with GoodPac to provide bottlers with the ENSO biodegradable bottle. Together, we’re going to have a huge impact on reducing plastic bottle pollution,” said Danny Clark, President of ENSO Bottles.

Gene Ross, Vice President of GoodPac, notes, “The use of biodegradable PET resin is essential ‘green’ technology for the entire beverage industry. We have biodegradable resin available NOW to produce an array of bottle sizes. Biodegradable PET can be used in stock bottles or proprietary bottle ideas and needs.”

ENSO bottles with EcoPure(TM) have been 3rd party tested and validated for biodegradability and recyclability using ASTM standards.

For further information from GoodPac, contact Gene Ross, Vice President of Sales & Marketing (c) 404-323-3978, (O) 404-363-8978 or ENSO Bottles, LLC. At www.ensobottles.com

Web Link: http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-09-2009/0005057667&EDATE

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Fall River, MA (PRWEB) July 10, 2009 — Proving that bottled water can be earth friendly, Native Waters, LLC, is introducing Native Water, a sustainable bottled water in environmentally friendly packaging. Locally sourced and packaged in biodegradable bottles, Native Water is 100% natural, organic and pure while making minimal environmental impact.

Native Water is bottled in ENSO Bottles, a biodegradable PET plastic bottle. The bottles are produced with Ecopure™, an additive added to the plastic manufacturing process that allows the bottles to be metabolized and neutralized on a microbial level, breaking down the plastic. ENSO bottles maintain the same physical properties and strengths as existing PET plastic bottles yet provide a more shelf stable solution than starch-based PLA materials and oxo-degradable plastics. The bottles are biodegradable in both landfill and compost environments and can also be successfully mixed with standard PET plastic recycling.

Native Water is sourced from Chester Hill Springs, located in the heart of the Berkshire Mountains in Western Massachusetts. The water flows naturally through sand, clay and rocks, and provides Native Waters with a spring water which is exceedingly low in mineral and dissolved solid content. By sourcing the water locally, Native Water can minimize its carbon footprint by eliminating long trucking routes for distribution.

“Our goal is to provide the healthiest and highest quality natural spring water with a minimal carbon footprint,” said Rodger Cohen, vice president and co-founder of Native Waters. “By combining our locally sourced water with the ENSO earth-friendly, biodegradable bottles, we hope to take a step forward in the battle to stop plastic containers from filling our waterways, streets, and landfills.”

Native Waters, LLC
Native Waters, LLC, was founded in 2009 by Steven Nasiff and Rodger Cohen. The company was founded to provide sustainable product solutions for the beverage industry using the latest technology and a local approach towards improving the environment for current and future generations. To learn more about Native Water in the ENSO biodegradable bottle, visit http://www.earthfriendlybottle.com or call 877.228.0711,

About ENSO Bottles
ENSO Bottles, LLC, of Phoenix, Arizona is an environmental company dedicated to creating “Bottles for a Healthier Earth”. ENSO bottles are designed to biodegrade in anaerobic (no oxygen, no light) or aerobic (compostable) environments leaving behind biogases and humus. ENSO bottles with EcoPure™ have been 3rd party tested and validated for biodegradability and recyclability using ASTM standards. Contact ENSO Bottles at www.ensobottles.com or call 866.936.3676

Web Link: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2009/07/prweb2622244.htm

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July, 2009 – ENSO Bottles LLC has been awarded the Green Education Network Seal of Approval because its product makes a needed contribution to the problem of non-recycled plastic, and ENSO has demonstrated a commitment to education. ENSO bottles are 100% biodegradable, decompose in about five years and add little to the cost of a bottled beverage or other product. Like traditional PET bottles, the ENSO bottles also can be recycled along with nonbiodegradable PET bottles without being separated.

PET  stands for Polyethylene Terephthalate, a plastic that’s used as a container for water, soft drinks, other foods, and non-food items such as household cleaners. PET containers can be recycled into new bottles and other products, but most of the millions of tons in use each year wind up in landfills, roadsides, rivers, lakes and oceans, where they can take hundreds of years to decompose.

In an effort to help reduce the tons of plastic bottle waste accumulating in our nation’s solid waste facilities, ENSO Bottles™, in partnership with Resilux America and Bio-tec Environmental, is bringing Eco-Pure™ technology to the PET bottle industry through specially formulated additive, preforms and blown bottles. ENSO Bottles™ and Bio-Tec Environmental are both environmental companies with a dedication to providing earth friendly biodegradable plastic solutions, and together, are offering the latest scientific advances to the PET industry.

ENSO bottles are not Oxo-degradable or PLA (corn based) plastics. ENSO bottles are biodegradable in aerobic (compost) and anaerobic (landfill) environments, breaking down through microbial action into biogases and inert humus leaving behind no harmful materials. ENSO bottles are recyclable and can be mixed into the standard PET recycling stream.

Launched in 2008, ENSO Bottles, LLC was created with a vision of bringing environmentally focused solutions to the PET bottling industry.  In partnership with Resilux America and Bio-tec Environmental, ENSO Bottles™ is bringing Eco-Pure™ technology to the PET bottle industry through specially formulated additive, preforms and blown bottles.

ENSO CEO Danny Clark told GEN, “Our mission is to develop, promote and bring to market earth friendly plastic PET bottle solutions.  We also believe that an important part of our business is to provide education on the topic of biodegradable plastics.”

“We believe in approaching business with an integral perspective in understanding the impact and sustainability of our products. Our long-term goals are to develop renewable and sustainable sources of bioplastics which are derived from non-food feedstocks.  Our future products will assist in reducing our dependence on unsustainable resources such as fossil fuels.”

“Our current biodegradable products will greatly assist in reducing plastic bottle pollution in both landfill and ocean environments. Current ENSO Bottles are recyclable with traditional PET. We strongly encourage and assist corporations, municipalities and organizations in creating viable recycling programs. We promote the recapture and use of bio-gasses created from landfills and bioreactor landfills to be used in creation of clean bio-energy.”

“We chose the name, ENSO Bottles™ to reflect the concept and life cycle of our products. Our name and logo, ENSO, represents wholeness and the returning to where it initially began. Our bottles reflect this precept, originating from the earth, providing a value of use, and returning to the earth in a reusable organic form.”

California-based Aquamantra water will be the first corporation to use ENSO’s 100% biodegradable bottles, according to an Aquamantra announcement.

The goal, said Aquamantra founder and president Alexandra Teklak, is to cut the amount of non-degradable plastic in landfills, an issue that a number of cities have cited in removing bottled water from government offices.

“I have a love for this planet and a love for humanity,” said Teklak. “I’m just so grateful to be a leader in the solution.”

Teklak said she ruled out bottles made from cornstarch (PLA) because the company needed a bottle that would survive 1-2 years in stores before beginning to degrade. Other possible solutions, such as oxy-degradables require sunlight to breakdown, according to an Aquamantra news release, making it difficult to dispose of them in landfills.

“I just wanted people to know, we really do care,” said Teklak, whose Aquamantra water is sold under four names: I Am Healthy, I Am Loved, I Am Lucky and I Am Grateful. The spring water comes from Palomar Mountain Spring near San Diego, Ca.

Aquamantra is the first company to announce it will use ENSO Bottles, said Clark, but the company already has orders for over 5 billion from other corporations, including non-food suppliers, such as cosmetics firms. Companies either can order complete bottles from ENSO or buy the material to make bottles and form their own.

Within months, consumers should start seeing ENSO bottles in a variety of stores, said Clark.

She said the firms that contributed to creation of the bottles are hoping consumers will see them as an answer to the landfill-clogging problems that go with PET containers and to the health worries associated with [other types of non-PET*] hard plastic bottles that contain Bisphenol A (BPA), a weak estrogenic compound that studies are linking to health problems because it leaches into food or water.

“We’re trying to encompass the entire industry that handles PET packaging,” she said.

One ENSO-related issue is what happens to the methane gas produced when ENSO bottles degrade, said Clark. Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming but it can be captured and used as fuel. “We’re working with landfills to capture the methane,” said Clark.

*ie BPA is not used in PET bottles – GEN Publisher

Web Link: http://www.greeneducationnetwork.com/article/biodegradable-plastic-bottles-from-enso-bottles-awarded-gen-seal-of-approval

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There is a lot of concern about the growing plastic pollution problem, and rightly so.  Did you know?

* Plastic bottles take hundred or thousands of years to begin biodegrading
* 150 billion plastic beverage bottles are produced each year
* 70-80% of plastic bottles are not recycled
* 100 billion plastic bottles end up in landfills, roadsides, streams or oceans
* The average American consumes 167 bottles of water a year
* Bottled water is the second most popular beverage in the United States
* A majority of containers today are made from plastic

It seems that a lot of interest is being placed on bottled water, but take a look at the shelves where you shop; almost everything is packaged in plastic.  Bottled water has become an easy target; many of us think that because our tap water is safe, it must be safe everywhere else.  I wish that were true, most places in the world don’t have safe drinking water.  We should be focusing on the pollution caused by all plastics and insist that plastics be designed to be sustainable.  Sustainable plastics regardless of what it is made from, petroleum or plants should be biodegradable and designed to meet“Cradle to Cradle,” design criteria.  A cradle to cradle product is made from something, used, reused, recycled and when its useful life is over, it returns to the earth as a harmless substance.

The problem is that we consumers are confused we don’t understand what is biodegradable, what is compostable, what is the carbon foot print, etc?  Market experts know we’re confused and have designed their campaigns to keep us that way.  Here’s an example, Polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA)is a plastic made primarily from corn but can be made from other plants, is marketed as biodegradable and compostable.  Making plastics from corn may sound like the perfect utopian answer for solving all our plastic pollution problems, but everything in PLA land isn’t what it seems to be.  PLA made from corn increases use of pesticides, is made from genetically altered corn, reduces food crops, raises food prices, and does not biodegrade any quicker than standard plastic in a landfill.  A huge problem with PLA is that it isn’t easily recycled and for proper disposal, it must be processed in a commercial composting site.  There aren’t many commercial composting sites here in the U.S. and some that do exist won’t accept PLA that is made from genetically altered corn. The bottom line is that PLA can’t be composted in your backyard compost pile and with the limited number of commercial sites here in the U.S., most PLA will end up in the garbage dump where it will languish for thousands of years, right along with other plastics.

Beware spin masters, consumers are getting smarter and we want products that don’t harm us or our future generations.

Max

http://www.ensobottles.com

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With the domestic and world markets looking into alternative energy, it is not surprising that the use of biogas created by our landfills are emerging as an easy answer to clean energy (see bioreactor landfill). What is surprising is that this seemingly untapped resource has been available for decades, and is only now being taken serious as a mainstream source for clean energy.

With countries like England adopting a massive effort to capture and utilize methane from waste off gassing from landfills, it is another exciting development towards a green and responsible stewardship of our planet for future generations to come. Here in the US, we are looking to forge ahead in the ambitious challenge to change the way we are consuming our products and resources, and in turn how we dispose of them. There are the “old school” influences that are entrenched in “status quo”, but do not be fooled, change is here, and the scale is tipping towards a healthier way we treat our planet. We are changing mainstream things that could set a new course our children will look back and thank us for. Look at the city of San Jose, CA were this city’s vision has a goal of using 100% of the city’s electrical power from clean renewable sources.

These are exciting times where innovations like our biodegradable bottles are springing up, and alternative sources for clean power are emerging. We are excited about our involvement in this transformational process that is taking place because we can help rid a pollution problem both from a litter perspective, as well as an emission perspective. Our biodegradable plastic bottles will biodegrade to reduce plastic trash in the environment, and in the process create clean energy from the methane off gassing produced by the degrading process in a landfill. We are first and foremost an advocate of recycling; recycling should and must be the goals of everyone within the voice of our message-please choose to recycle! But with the rates of recycling as low as they have historically been in the US, we take solace in that we can still achieve a positive effect by providing clean power through our plastic PET bottle technology made with Eco-Pure.

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June 03, 2009 06:52 PM Eastern Time
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.–(EON: Enhanced Online News)–Bio-Tec Environmental, LLC (http://www.bio-tec.biz) and ENSO Bottles, LLC (http://www.ENSObottles.com) announce the data and test results validating recycling and biodegradation of “Bottles for a Healthier Earth.”

“Organizations who make unsubstantiated claims that there is no data proving plastic biodegradation and recycling compatibility are only inhibiting environmentally sound solutions and contributing to the confusion and the growing pollution problem.”

ENSO Bottles™ with EcoPure™ are biodegradable plastic bottles through the use of organic compounds which promote biodegradation though microbial digestion only when the biodegradable bottles are placed in a highly active microbial environment. “ENSO bottles have the same physical properties as standard PET and do NOT fragment, degrade or break down from environmental conditions such as UV, moisture and oxygen. When ENSO bottles are recycled they have the same useful life as other durable plastics,” said Danny Clark, President of ENSO Bottles.

ENSO bottles with EcoPure™ have been tested and validated for recyclability through a third-party lab for ASTM D 1003 (Haze and Transmission), ASTM D 4603 (Intrinsic Viscosity), ASTM F 2013 (Acetaldehyde), Fluorescence Visual, and Visual Black Specks and Gels. All test results meet industry specifications. In addition, ENSO Bottles, LLC™ has worked with independent recycling companies validating that ENSO bottles have no adverse effects on the recycling stream. ENSO Bottles, LLC™ believes an important aspect of solving the plastic pollution problem is recycling. ENSO Bottles is a member of several recycling organizations, standards boards and environmental organizations supporting recycling solutions for a better environment.

A major recycling company evaluating ENSO bottles stated, “If you hadn’t told me these bottles were ENSO bottles, I would have never known they were not a standard PET bottle. They processed just like standard PET bottles.”

ENSO bottles have also been tested and validated through an accredited third-party laboratory using ASTM D 5511 Standard Test Methods, a standard for biodegradation testing in anaerobic environments. Results clearly indicate ENSO bottles with EcoPure™ biodegrade through natural microbial digestion.

“ENSO Bottles, LLC™ and Bio-Tec Environmental, LLC™ are both environmental companies dedicated to responsibly addressing the growing plastic pollution problem through the development of biodegradable plastics. Technological advances of biodegradable plastics and understanding of why microbes eat plastic should be considered a phenomenon and good for the environment, not rejected by groups with little to no understanding of microbiology,” said Samuel Adams, Senior Vice President of Bio-Tec Environmental.

The plastic pollution problem is huge. In 2007 nearly 4.3 billion pounds of PET containers were not recycled. These bottles end up in landfills or as litter contributing to the tremendous amount of plastic pollution in our oceans. Del Andrus, Vice President of Environmental and Technology Group, said, “Organizations who make unsubstantiated claims that there is no data proving plastic biodegradation and recycling compatibility are only inhibiting environmentally sound solutions and contributing to the confusion and the growing pollution problem.”

ENSO Bottles, LLC™ and Bio-Tec Environmental, LLC™ believe a responsible approach to improving our environment is to address both recyclability and the development of environmentally friendly plastics. Working together will create better solutions and provide a more positive approach toward improving the environment for us and future generations.

Contacts

To learn more about these solutions visit www.ensobottles.com and www.bio-tec.biz. To request official test results contact ENSO Bottles at 866-936-3676

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Biodegradable Plastics, what does it mean and why is there so much confusion about something that sounds so simple to define?  The ASTM defines biodegradable plastics as “a degradable plastic in which the degradation results from the action of naturally-occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae”.   Sounds simple enough, so why all the confusion?   The confusion really comes from two aspects; 1) confusion between using the term degradable vs. biodegradable and 2) the loose use of the word biodegradable.

On the market today there is really three categories of plastics that biodegrade or degrade.  Those technologies are PLA (Polylatic Acid), Oxo-degradable and a new technology called EcoPure.  So now that we know what is out on the market how do we know which ones biodegrade vs. degrade?

PLA is a bioplastic made from starch; specifically it is being manufactured by starches from genetically modified corn.  This technology and supporting organizations such as BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) claim that PLA biodegrades.  However, this claim is confusing because they are using the term “biodegradable” extremely loosely.  PLA is a “compostable plastic” in that it goes through “degradation” to break down not true “biodegradation”.  PLA does not break down or biodegrade in a landfill and will only begin to “degrade” after being exposed to heat (specifically 140° for over a five day period).  This kind of environment can only be found in a commercial composting facility.  We find that many of the articles and organizations who support PLA are greatly contributing to the confusion by not using correct standards based definitions of that technology.  What remains behind once PLA composts is CO2 and with professional composting facilities they are currently not capturing any gases so all gases are released into the atmosphere.

Now let’s move onto Oxo-degradable, as the name implies this technology causes the product to degrade.  This particular technology incorporates the use of an additive that begins to break the plastic chains when exposed to oxygen, heat and moisture.  Although this technology is fairly upfront with the type of degradation taking place the marketing materials suggest that once the pieces of plastic have broken down into small enough fragments that it creates the opportunity for microbes to finish those plastic fragments through biodegradation.  This aspect may be true but it extremely difficult to validate as the plastic fragments must have degraded to the micro level.  There are various reports as to what remains in the soil and air once an Oxo-degradable product has degraded.  This ranges from heavy or low metals, salts, CO2 and CH4; because many of these products will degrade in a landfill the gases of CO2 and CH4 will be captured and burned.

Moving on to the final technology we find Bio-tec Environmental EcoPure.  EcoPure is the technology behind the ENSO Bottle.  This technology also is applied in the form of an additive to existing polymers.  The technology behind EcoPure is that uses organic compounds to open the polymer chain and attractants to stimulate microbial colonization on the plastic.  Because the polymer chain in open the micro organisms can use the carbon chain as a source of food and energy.  Because this is happening at the atomic level what remains is CO2, CH4 and inert humus and because many of these products will degrade in a landfill the gases of CO2 and CH4 will be captured and burned.

So there we have it, an explanation of the differences between biodegradable and degradable.  Now that we know the difference between the two it still leaves the bigger question of which technology and method is better for the environment; biodegradable or degradable?  In order to answer that question would require another blog, however you should always keep in mind that the overall net impact to the environment.  When trying to answer that question keep in mind the following; using food to create plastics, pesticides that effect water, total water consumption, total fossil fuels used in processing, greenhouse gases emitted in processing and breaking down, the benefit of the product, does the biodegradation or degradation create any benefits such as clean energy?

By – Danny Clark

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March, 2009 – California-based Aquamantra water will be the first corporation to use 100% biodegradable bottles that manufacturer ENSO Bottles will make available this spring, according to an Aquamantra announcement. The bottles also can be recycled into other products.

The goal, said Aquamantra founder and president Alexandra Teklak, is to cut the amount of non-degradable plastic in landfills, an issue that a number of cities have cited in removing bottled water from government offices.

“I have a love for this planet and a love for humanity,” said Teklak. “I’m just so grateful to be a leader in the solution.”

The first bottles of Aquamantra in the new containers are expected to be on shelves west of Denver in Albertson’s, Whole Foods and speciality stores in May.

Teklak said she ruled out bottles made from cornstarch (PLA) because the company needed a bottle that would survive 1-2 years in stores before beginning to degrade. Other possible solutions, such as oxy-degradables require sunlight to breakdown, according to an Aquamantra news release, making it difficult to dispose of them in landfills.

“I just wanted people to know, we really do care,” said Teklak, whose Aquamantra water is sold under four names: I Am Healthy, I Am Loved, I Am Lucky and I Am Grateful. The spring water comes from Palomar Mountain Spring near San Diego, Ca.

Only a year old, ENSO Bottles of Phoenix, Ariz., was created, according to its web site, “through the collaborated effort of bottle manufactures looking to provide earth friendly PET bottling solutions.”

PET stands for Polyethylene Terephthalate, a plastic that is strong, lightweight and clear. It’s used as a container for water, soft drinks, other foods, and non-food items such as household cleaners. PET containers can be recycled into new bottles and other products, but most of the millions of tons in use each year wind up in landfills, where they can take hundreds of years to decompose.

ENSO Bottles, according to Teresa Clark, vice president of sales and marketing, are 100% biodegradable, decompose in about five years and add only “pennies” to the cost of a bottle of water or other product. Like traditional PET bottles, the ENSO bottles also can be recycled into other products. And they don’t need special treatment. They can be mixed in with PET bottles and recycled.

Aquamantra is the first company to announce it will use ENSO Bottles, said Clark, but the company has orders for 2.5 billion from other corporations, including non-food suppliers, such as cosmetics firms. Companies either can order complete bottles from ENSO or buy the material to make bottles and form their own.

Within about six months, consumers should start seeing ENSO bottles in a variety of stores, said Clark.

She said the firms that contributed to creation of the bottles are hoping consumers will see them as an answer to the landfill-clogging problems that go with PET containers and to the health worries associated with hard plastic bottles that contain Bisphenol A (BPA), a weak estrogenic compound that studies are linking to health problems because it leaches into food or water.

“We’re trying to encompass the entire industry that handles PET packaging,” she said.

One ENSO-related issue is what happens to the methane gas produced when ENSO bottles degrade, said Clark. Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming but it can be captured and used as fuel. “We’re working with landfills to capture the methane,” said Clark.

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Nestlé expecting sustainability-savvy suppliers

By Mike Verespej

CHICAGO (Nov. 21, 4:15 p.m. ET) — There are a lot of things companies can do that create an appearance of being green and sustainable. But Kim Jeffery wants to do things that actually enhance sustainability and the environment.

“Are you trying to look good, or are you trying to do good?” asked the president and chief executive officer of Nestlé Waters North America, in a Nov. 6 interview during Sustain ’08 in Chicago.

“If going for energy credits is all you are going to do and you are not going to work on your supply chain, it doesn’t pass the sniff test,” he said.

“I want to be known as a company that does good. We are going to hold ourselves to be self-accountable in a very transparent way” with goals and milestones, many of which were outlined in the company’s corporate citizenship report in October.

A company must first get its own house in order and develop ways to “use less of something” to save money, resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and its carbon footprint, said Jeffery. But he added that a company then must “go outside its own four walls.”

For its part, Nestlé Waters reduced the size of its half-liter PET water bottle 15 percent this year, and will reduce it another 20 percent in 2009, cutting its weight to 9.8 grams. Using less material results in energy savings and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Nestlé Waters is working with its suppliers to achieve additional sustainability gains.“We are just getting to the point where people will have to have their house in order to do business with us,” said Jeffery. “We are going to be pushing more on our suppliers to figure some of this stuff out. By 2013, we plan to reduce carbon intensity by 20 percent across our full value chain — from the production of plastic resin to delivery of products to our customers.”

Jeffery also wants to ensure Nestlé makes the right sustainability and environmental decisions on the use of recycled content in its bottles and the use of bioplastics as a feedstock.

Nestlé has set a goal of producing a bottle with up to 25 percent recycled PET by 2013, and developing and producing a “next-generation bot- tle” manufactured entirely from recycled materials or renewable materials by 2020, Jeffery said.

But Jeffery has some concerns about both of those concepts. “It sounds good to have recycled content,” said Jeffery. “But it takes more energy to use recycled PET and it may be more expensive than using virgin resin because of processing costs. So it is not particularly attractive” from an economic standpoint.

Jeffery contends that right now it makes more sense, economically, to use recycled PET for carpets and strapping. “We should operate on a hierarchical approach and use [recycled PET] in the most efficient uses first,” he said. “So unless you have used recycled PET for other products first, using [it] for bottles may not be the best use of that material.”

Similarly, he said, while polylactic acid is being used to make water bottles, at this point, “it uses a lot more material and it is used once” because of the paucity of industrial composting facilities in the U.S. In addition, Jeffery said PLA “can’t be commingled with other plastics that are recycled [because] it will disrupt the float-sink process to sort plastics and because it looks identical to PET containers.”

“Is using bioplastics the best solution?” questioned Jeffery. “The better solution may be getting better at PET recycling, but that is also the harder solution.” The Sustain ’08 conference was organized by Plastics News and the Washington-based Society of the Plastics Industry Inc.

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Here’s a great source for plastics/going geen/ information.

Max

http://www.plasticsnews.com.

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• The first PET bottle was recycled in 1977.

• An estimated 9,400 curbside collection programs and 10,000 drop-off programs collect PET plastic in the United States, currently.

• Approximate number of PET beverage bottles per pound:
  16 oz. — 18 bottles per pound
  20 oz. — 16 bottles per pound
  1 liter — 12 bottles per pound
  2 liter — 9 bottles per pound
  3 liter — 5 bottles per pound

• Cubic yards conserved in a landfill by recycling PET beverage bottles:
  4,800 recycled 16-ounce bottles saves a cubic yard
  4,050 recycled 20-ounce bottles saves a cubic yard
  3,240 recycled 1-liter bottles saves a cubic yard
  2,430 recycled 2-liter bottles saves a cubic yard
  1,350 recycled 3-liter bottles saves a cubic yard

• Since 1978, manufacturers have reduced the weight of a two-liter bottle by about 29%, from 68 grams to 48 grams.

• Recycling a ton of PET containers saves 7.4 cubic yards of landfill space.

• According to the EPA, recycling a pound of PET saves approximately 12,000 BTU’s.

• The average household generated 42 pounds of PET plastic bottles in the year 2005.

• Custom bottles (which are bottles used for products other than carbonated soft drinks) represent 62% of all PET bottles available for recycling.

• Fourteen 20 oz. PET bottles yield enough fiber for an extra large T-shirt.

• It takes 14 20 oz. PET bottles to make one square foot of carpet.

• It takes 63 20 oz. PET bottles to make a sweater.

• Fourteen 20 oz. PET bottles yield enough fiberfill for a ski jacket.

• It takes 85 20 oz. PET bottles to make enough fiberfill for a sleeping bag.

Used from NAPOR website.

Danny Clark
ENSO Bottles, LLC
866-936-3676
www.ensobottles.com

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Sonoma, CA, September 25, 2007 – PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles have garnered a great deal of media attention recently, some of it raising questions about PET safety. According to the National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), the trade group for PET packaging, it’s time to clear up any fallacies and set the record straight: Consumers can continue to rely on the safety of PET bottles.

If you drink a single-serve water or carbonated beverage from a plastic bottle, chances are you’re drinking it from PET, identified with a small number “1” or “PETE” on the container side or bottom. The PET bottle is a well-accepted package all over the world and is completely safe to drink from as well as lightweight, unbreakable, and recyclable.

But, can you safely freeze a PET bottle? Yes. There is no danger in the freezing of PET bottles, and no truth to the rumors that dioxins leach from frozen PET bottles. There is no dioxin in PET plastic. Dioxins are formed by combustion in incinerators at temperatures above 1700 degrees F. — and by volcanoes. Furthermore, freezing does not affect PET bottles.

Leave a PET bottle in your hot car? Yes. The idea that PET bottles “leach” chemicals when heated in hot cars is not based on any science, and is unsubstantiated by any credible evidence. This allegation has been perpetuated by emails until it has become an urban legend, but it just isn’t so.

Reuse a PET bottle? Yes. Just wash it first, as you would any other food or beverage container after use.

Do PET bottles contain “bis-phenol A” which some claim can cause birth defects? No. Bis-phenol A is not used to make PET, nor is it used to make any of the component materials used to make PET.

What about the chemicals called “phthalates? They are not in PET. In spite of the similarity of part of PET’s chemical name, PET is not the kind of “phthalate” that is being talked about. The type of “phthalate” about which concern has been raised is used to make various plastics more flexible, and in that role is called a “plasticizer.” PET does not contain plasticizers or the type of “phthalate” that is used in plasticizers.

What about Antimony? Antimony oxide is often used in extremely tiny amounts as a “catalyst” in the production of PET plastic. Its very low toxicity combined with very low extraction rate from PET translates to very, very low risk. Its use in PET does not endanger workers, consumers, or the environment.

NAPCOR Contacts: Dennis Sabourin (707) 996-4207, X13 or Kate Eagles, x16

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